from Sethiathope to Vadakuthu through a 1775 mm dia mild steel pipe. The lake water is treated at Vadakuthu Water Treatment Plant by pumping raw water at a distance of 20 km. This lake receives water from Cauvery River system through Kollidam, Lower Anicut and Vadavar Canal besides rainwater from its own catchment area. The Project was commissioned in the year 2004 to supply 180 MLD of water to Chennai City by drawing water from Veeranam Lake. The Veeranam Water Supply Project was implemented as an additional source of water to Chennai City. Therefore, considerable amount of efforts were made by the government to ensure the administration and development of a proper wastewater system in Chennai.Ĭhennai has fresh water reservoirs/lakes namely Poondi, Sholavaram, Red Hills, Chembarambakkam and Veeranam cater the daily needs of water for people of Chennai.Ĭhennai receives most of its water from Poondi Lake (3,231 Mcft), Sholavaram Lake (881 Mcft), Red Hills Lake (3,300 Mcft) and Chembarambakkam Lake (3,645 Mcft). Areas covered are Ice House, Mylapore, Adyar, Guindy, Velacherry, Gandhi Nagar and Indra Nagar. Zone–V is the second largest of the five macro systems and is to the South of the City which is bifurcated by the Adyar River. The areas covered by Zone-4 are Ashok Nagar, Saidapet, Jafferkhanpet, K.K. It comprises Thyagaraya Nagar, Kodambakkam, Arumbakkam, Anna Nagar and Koyambedu. Zone–III lies between Zone–II and Zone–IV to the West. Zone-2 comprises areas such as Nungambakkam, Chetpet, Kilpauk, Egmore, Purasaiwalkam, Ayanavaram, Perambur, Vyasarpadi, Sembium, Kolathur, Periyar Nagar, Jawahar Nagar and Kodungaiyur. Zone-1 covers the areas of Tondaiarpet, Washermenpet, Royapuram, George Town and Chindadripet. These zones of macro systems covering the entire City had independent zonal collections, conveyance, treatment and disposal facilities. The wastewater system for the City has been divided into five drainage zones. The implementation of these schemes commenced in 1961 and had undergone modifications periodically commensurate with the system requirements of an expanding City and the growing population. Thereafter a comprehensive wastewater management scheme was formulated. But one of the implied benefit of this was the conservation of fresh water whose supply was scarce. The aim of this diversion was to utilise the sewage for irrigation and fertilising agricultural land. A fundamental change to this system was made in 1956 by laying a force main to divert part of the sewage discharged from the Purasaiwalkam Pumping Station to Kodungaiyur where the sewage farm was established. The system originally consisted of a network of force mains and brick gravity sewers served by 3 Pumping Stations at Royapuram, Purasaiwalkam and Napier Park and ultimately discharging wastewater into the sea at Kasimedu on the Northeastern boundary of the City.
The systems were designed for the population of 6.5 lakhs expected in 1961 at 114 lit. The proposal for this scheme to cater to the needs of a topographically flat, fast growing city was formulated in 1907 and works were initiated in 1910 and completed during 1914 in stages.
Hence, they decided to develop a comprehensive drainage scheme. The authorities observed an increase in population in the beginning of the 20th century. In early 1890, surface drains in the City were connected to Pumping Stations and the wastewater conveyed for disposal away from inhabitation. In 1872, a Valve House at Red Hills and an earthen supply channel to supply water to Chennai by gravitation was constructed. The works were completed in 1870 at a cost of about Rs.18.50 lakhs. The project consisted of a masonry weir across Kortalayar at Tamarapakkam and diverted the water into Cholavaram lake and hence into the Red Hills lake through a channel. Fraser, a civil engineer who visited Madras, forwarded a proposal to the government to tap the Kortalayar river which is situated about 160 km northwest of Chennai and it was accepted.
Till about the mid of 19th century, Chennai received water from local shallow wells and tanks.
History of Sewerage Construction and development
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